Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) |
12 Months Ended | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aug. 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||
| Significant Accounting Policies | ||||||||||||||||
| Basis of presentation and consolidation |
These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles of the United States (“US GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. All amounts, unless otherwise stated, are in U.S. dollars. These consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries; Lexaria Pharmaceutical Corp., Lexaria Hemp Corp., Lexaria CanPharm ULC, PoViva Corp., Lexaria CanPharm Holding Corp., and Kelowna Management Services Corp. The Company owns 83.3% of Lexaria Nicotine LLC and the remaining 16.7% is owned by Altria Ventures Inc. (an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Altria Group, Inc.). All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation.
On December 9, 2020, the Company completed the sale of the business assets in the THC related segment of our subsidiary Lexaria CanPharm ULC. As a result, the related financial results pertaining to the sale are reflected in our consolidated statement of operations, retrospectively, as discontinued operations beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2021. |
|||||||||||||||
| Cash and Cash Equivalents |
Cash and cash equivalents include cash-on-hand and demand deposits with financial institutions and other short-term investments with maturities of less than three months when acquired and convertible to known cash amounts. The Company had no cash equivalents as at August 31, 2022 or August 31, 2021. |
|||||||||||||||
| Leases |
We have elected the package of practical expedients allowed under ASC Topic 842, Leases (“ASC 842”) which permits us to account for our existing operating leases as operating leases under the new guidance, without reassessing our prior conclusions about lease identification, lease classification and initial direct cost. As a result of the adoption of the new lease accounting guidance on September 1, 2019, we recognized operating lease right-of-use assets of $160,289 and operating lease liabilities of $158,773.
We determined the initial classification and measurement of our right-of-use assets and lease liabilities at the lease commencement date and thereafter if modified. The lease term includes any renewal options and termination options that we are reasonably certain to exercise. The present value of lease payments is determined by using the interest rate implicit in the lease, if that rate is readily determinable; otherwise, we use our incremental borrowing rate. The incremental borrowing rate is determined by using the rate of interest that we would pay to borrow on a collateralized basis an amount equal to the lease payments for a similar term and in a similar economic environment.
Operating lease expenses are recognized on a straight-line basis, unless the right-of-use asset has been impaired, over the reasonably certain lease term based on the total lease payments. They are included in operating expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
For operating leases that reflect impairment, we will recognize the amortization of the right-of-use asset on a straight-lined basis over the remaining lease term with rent expense still included in operating expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. For all leases, rent payments that are based on a fixed index or rate at the lease commencement date are included in the measurement of lease assets and lease liabilities at the lease commencement date.
We have elected the practical expedient to not separate lease and non-lease components. Our non-lease components are primarily related to property taxes and maintenance, which vary based on future outcomes, and thus differences to original estimates are recognized in rent expense when incurred. |
|||||||||||||||
| Intellectual property |
Capitalized intellectual property represents US registered patents that include legal costs incurred in pursuing patents applications in the United States. When such applications result in patents being issued, the directly related capital cost is amortized over the life of the patent on a straight-line basis. |
|||||||||||||||
| Equipment |
Equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment and depreciated using the straight-line method over their useful lives of the various asset classes. Laboratory and computer equipment and office furniture are depreciated over 3-10 years. Certain production equipment is depreciated by units of production method. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the term of the related leases. |
|||||||||||||||
| Impairment of Long-Lived Assets |
Long-lived assets, including equipment and intangible assets, namely the Company’s patents, are assessed for potential impairment when there is evidence that events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recovered. An impairment loss is recognized when the carrying amount of the long-lived asset is not recoverable and exceeds its fair value. The carrying amount of a long-lived asset is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset. Any required impairment loss is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the long-lived asset exceeds its fair value and is recorded as a reduction in the carrying value of the related asset and a charge to the profit or loss. Intangible assets with indefinite lives are tested for impairment annually and in interim periods if certain events occur indicating that the carrying value of the intangible assets may be impaired. |
|||||||||||||||
| Revenue Recognition |
Licensing revenue from intellectual property
Our revenues from licenses that grant the right to access our intellectual property, which we consider symbolic licenses of IP, are recognized over time following the transfer and use of our patented infusion technology DehydraTECH . Royalty revenues are recognized in the period in which our licensees sell the related products and recognizes the related revenue, which in certain cases may require us to estimate our royalty revenue.
Usage fees from intellectual property
We recognize usage fees from B2B clients in the period in which the counterparty completes the manufacturing which incorporates DehydraTECH enabled APIs into the related product. We generally recognize revenue when we have satisfied all contractual obligations and are reasonably assured of collecting the resulting receivable. We are often entitled to bill our customers and receive payment from our customers in advance of recognizing the revenue.
Product revenue
We generally recognize revenue when we have satisfied all contractual obligations and are reasonably assured of collecting the resulting receivable. We are often entitled to bill our customers and receive payment from our customers in advance of recognizing the revenue. |
|||||||||||||||
| Cost of Sales |
Cost of sales includes all expenditures incurred in bringing the goods to the point of sale This includes third-party manufacturing and handling costs, direct costs of the raw material, inbound freight charges, warehousing costs, and applicable overhead expenses. |
|||||||||||||||
| Research and Development |
Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. These expenditures are comprised of both in-house research programs and through third-party contracts including consultants, academic and non-profit institutions, contract manufacturing, and other expenses. |
|||||||||||||||
| Intellectual property expenses |
Costs associated with intellectual property-related matters are expensed as incurred and included in general and administrative expenses within the consolidated statements of operations. |
|||||||||||||||
| Stock-Based Compensation |
The Company accounts for its stock-based compensation awards whereby all stock-based grants are recognized as expenses in the statements of operations based on the fair value at grant date subject to vesting dates. The grant date fair value of each option award is estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The use of the Black-Scholes option-pricing model requires management to make assumptions with respect to the expected term of the option, the expected volatility of the common stock consistent with the expected life of the option, risk-free interest rates and expected dividend yields of the common stock. |
|||||||||||||||
| Foreign Currency Translation |
The Company maintains its accounting records in US dollars. At the transaction date, each asset, liability, revenue, and expense that was acquired or incurred in a foreign currency is translated into US dollars by using the exchange rate in effect at that date; at the year end, monetary assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate in effect at that date. The resulting foreign exchange gains and losses are included within the consolidated statements of operations. |
|||||||||||||||
| Loss Per Share |
The calculation of loss per share uses the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year. Diluted net income per share includes the effect, if any, from the potential exercise or conversion of securities, such as restricted stock and stock options, which would result in the issuance of incremental shares of common stock. Diluted loss per share is equivalent to basic loss per share if the potential exercise of the equity-based financial instruments was anti-dilutive. |
|||||||||||||||
| Income Taxes |
The Company recognizes deferred tax liabilities and assets for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the Company’s financial statements or tax returns using the liability method. Under this method, deferred tax liabilities and assets are determined based on the temporary differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect in the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. |
|||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive loss |
The Company discloses comprehensive loss, its components, and accumulated balances on its Statement of Stockholders’ Equity. Comprehensive loss comprises equity changes except those transactions resulting from investments by stakeholders and owners and distributions to owners, if any. |
|||||||||||||||
| Financial Instruments |
When measuring fair value, the Company seeks to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. This establishes a fair value hierarchy based on the level of independent objective evidence surrounding the inputs used to measure fair value. A financial instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Inputs are prioritized into three levels used to measure fair value:
The Company’s financial instruments consist primarily of cash, marketable securities, accounts receivable and payable, accrued liabilities and loan payable. The carrying amounts of instruments approximate their fair values due to their short maturities or quoted market prices.
The Company’s headquarters and operations are located in Canada which results in exposure to market risks from fluctuations in foreign currency rates. The foreign currency exchange risk is the financial risk to the Company’s operations that arise from fluctuations in foreign exchange rates and the degree of volatility of these rates. Currently, the Company does not use derivative instruments to reduce its exposure to foreign currency risk as the impact of a rate changes for USD/CAD dollars is not expected to be material. |
|||||||||||||||
| Credit Risk and Receivable Concentration |
The Company places its cash with a high credit quality financial institution. As of August 31, 2022, the Company had approximately $5.8m on deposit. (August 31, 2021: $10.9m).
In the year ended August 31, 2022, one licensee accounted for 100% (2021 – 72%) of revenues. At fiscal year end 2022, we had $37,248 (2021 - $Nil) in licence fees receivable. The Company incurred a bad debt in fiscal 2021 ($50,500) primarily due to cancellations of IP license agreements.
As at August 31, 2022, the Company had $84,162 (2021 - $47,741) in sales tax receivable. The Company considers its credit risk to be low for such receivables. |
|||||||||||||||
| Commitments and Contingencies |
The Company policy is to record accruals for any such loss contingencies when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. In the event that estimates, or assumptions prove to differ from actual results, adjustments are made in subsequent periods to reflect more current information. The Company, from time to time, may be subject to legal claims and proceedings related to matters arising in the ordinary course of business. Management has no knowledge of any such claim against the Company with, at minimum, a reasonable possibility that a material loss may be incurred. |